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Related Concept Videos

Instrument Transformers01:23

Instrument Transformers

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Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...
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Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers01:28

Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers

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The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Three-Winding Transformers01:19

Three-Winding Transformers

327
Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions
11:20

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

Published on: February 21, 2017

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Transformer oil quality evaluation using quantitative phase microscopy.

Xinyi Xing, Lin Zhu, Chao Chen

    Applied Optics
    |February 24, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new, low-cost method using quantitative phase microscopy to assess transformer oil quality by analyzing gas bubbles. The technique offers rapid and efficient transformer oil diagnosis, improving electrical equipment reliability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Optical Physics

    Background:

    • Transformer oil is crucial for electrical power transformer insulation and cooling.
    • Transformer operation causes oil decomposition, releasing gases that degrade oil quality and risk faults.
    • Current dissolved gas analysis methods are often complex, costly, or slow.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel, rapid, and cost-effective method for evaluating transformer oil quality.
    • To address the limitations of existing transformer oil monitoring techniques.
    • To enable better transformer prognosis and diagnosis through improved oil analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing quantitative phase microscopy with a custom phase real-time microscopic camera (PhaseRMiC).
    • Simultaneously capturing under- and over-focus images of gas bubbles in transformer oil during scanning.
    • Computing the oil-to-gas-volume ratio via phase retrieval by solving the transport of intensity equation.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully distinguished transformer oil quality using the developed method.
    • Demonstrated rapid operations and low costs compared to traditional approaches.
    • Validated the effectiveness of quantitative phase microscopy for oil-gas-volume ratio computation.

    Conclusions:

    • The new quantitative phase microscopy method provides an efficient solution for transformer oil quality evaluation.
    • This technique offers a significant advancement for transformer prognosis and diagnosis.
    • The PhaseRMiC system enables rapid, low-cost monitoring of dissolved gases in transformer oil.