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Moonlighting in Rickettsiales: Expanding Virulence Landscape.

Ana Luísa Matos¹, Pedro Curto¹, Isaura Simões^1,2

¹CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

|February 24, 2022

Summary

Rickettsiales bacteria, responsible for diseases like typhus and RMSF, utilize multitasking proteins to enhance virulence. These moonlighting proteins are crucial for their pathogenicity and survival strategies.

Keywords:

Anaplasma spp.Ehrlichia spp.Orientia spp.Rickettsia spp.Rickettsiales moonlighting multitasking pathogenicity protein function virulence factors

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Pathogen Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

The order Rickettsiales comprises obligate intracellular bacteria causing significant human diseases, including typhus and spotted fevers.
These pathogens are experiencing resurgence and geographical expansion, posing a growing public health concern.
Rickettsiales possess small genomes due to reductive evolution, necessitating efficient molecular strategies for survival and virulence.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the role of moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of Rickettsiales species.
To highlight the significance of protein multifunctionality in maximizing virulence with a limited protein repertoire.
To emphasize the need for integrating Rickettsiales moonlighting proteins into existing databases.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Rickettsiales and moonlighting proteins.
Analysis of documented examples of moonlighting proteins in various Rickettsiales species.
Discussion of the implications of protein moonlighting in bacterial pathogenesis.

Main Results:

Rickettsiales pathogens extensively utilize moonlighting proteins as virulence factors.
These multitasking proteins interfere with multiple host cellular processes, enhancing pathogenicity.
Protein moonlighting is an essential strategy for Rickettsiales to maximize the utility of their reduced proteome.

Conclusions:

Moonlighting proteins are critical for the virulence and pathogenicity of Rickettsiales.
The multifunctionality of these proteins is an intrinsic feature enabling survival and infection.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the roles of these proteins and integrate findings into scientific repositories.