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Integral valorisation of walnut shells based on a three-step sequential delignification.

Amaia Morales1, Jalel Labidi1, Patricia Gullón2

  • 1Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.

Journal of Environmental Management
|February 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Walnut shells can be fully utilized in a biorefinery. This study shows how to extract valuable lignin and cellulose nanocrystals from walnut shells, offering an innovative waste valorization strategy.

Keywords:
BiorefineryLigninSequential delignificationValorisationWalnut shells

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Area of Science:

  • Biorefinery and Biomass Valorization
  • Sustainable Chemistry and Materials Science

Background:

  • Walnut shells are an abundant agricultural waste, posing disposal challenges.
  • Current waste management often overlooks the potential of walnut shells for valuable compound extraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve integral valorization of walnut shells through a sequential biorefinery approach.
  • To extract lignin and cellulose nanocrystals from walnut shells.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential organosolv delignification of walnut shells using ethanol/water mixture.
  • Subsequent non-isothermal hydrothermal treatments to remove residual hemicelluloses.
  • Characterization of spent solids for cellulose nanocrystal potential.

Main Results:

  • Organosolv delignification yielded up to 60% lignin with varying molecular weight distributions.
  • Hydrothermal treatments effectively removed 14.7-71.8% of hemicelluloses.
  • Cellulose nanocrystals were successfully obtained from post-hydrothermal treatment solids.

Conclusions:

  • An innovative and integrated strategy for walnut shell valorization was presented.
  • Sequential organosolv delignification and hydrothermal treatments enable efficient extraction of lignin and cellulose nanocrystals.
  • This approach transforms agricultural waste into valuable biomaterials.