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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Going Micro in Leptospirosis Kidney Disease.

Wiwat Chancharoenthana1,2, Asada Leelahavanichkul3,4, Marcus J Schultz5,6,7,8

  • 1Tropical Nephrology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

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|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Leptospirosis, a global zoonotic disease, significantly impacts kidney health, causing acute and chronic kidney injury. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for reducing severe illness and mortality in humans and animals.

Keywords:
acute kidney injuryimmune responseinterstitial nephritisleptospirosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic, waterborne disease caused by *Leptospira* species.
  • It is a reemerging global health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals.
  • Leptospirosis is a primary cause of acute febrile illness with hepatorenal injury, particularly in tropical regions like Thailand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse kidney manifestations of leptospirosis, from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.
  • To discuss the diagnostic utility of serologic and molecular methods for leptospirosis.
  • To highlight effective treatment strategies for severe leptospirosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on leptospirosis and kidney disease.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics and diagnostic approaches.
  • Synthesis of information on treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Leptospirosis frequently affects the kidneys, presenting as acute kidney injury (interstitial nephritis) and potentially leading to chronic kidney disease.
  • Subtle and chronic symptoms of leptospirosis can be easily overlooked.
  • Serologic and molecular diagnostic tools are essential for accurate identification.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney involvement is a hallmark of leptospirosis, necessitating early recognition for improved patient outcomes.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of severe leptospirosis are critical to mitigate morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the full spectrum of leptospirosis, including its renal impact, is vital for public health efforts.