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Updated: Oct 2, 2025
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Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
Published on: November 30, 2018
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Modes of Viroid Transmission.
Ahmed Hadidi1, Liying Sun2, John W Randles3
1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Cells
|February 25, 2022
Summary
Viroids spread through plants via vegetative propagation, mechanical damage, seeds, pollen, and biological vectors like insects or fungi. Understanding these transmission routes is key to controlling viroid diseases.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Virology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Viroid diseases pose significant threats to agriculture.
- Understanding viroid transmission is crucial for disease management and epidemiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of viroid transmission modes.
- To highlight key findings applicable to viroid disease control.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on viroid transmission.
- Analysis of natural and experimental transmission pathways.
- Inclusion of mycoviroids (fungal viroids) as potential vectors.
Main Results:
- Vegetative propagation is the most common viroid spread method.
- Mechanical transmission via tools and handling is significant.
- Seed, pollen, insect, parasitic plant, and goat transmission are documented.
- Phytopathogenic fungi can act as biological vectors (mycoviroids).
- Experimental transmission using cDNA clones and transcripts is possible.
Conclusions:
- Viroid transmission occurs through diverse natural and experimental routes.
- Knowledge of these routes is essential for developing effective control strategies.
- Identification of mycoviroids expands our understanding of viroid epidemiology.
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