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The Spectrum of Acute Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19

Rachel Triay1, Prabandh Buchhanolla2, Alexas Gaudet1

  • 1LSU Health Shreveport School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.

Biomedicines
|February 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD) experienced more severe strokes and longer hospital stays. This COVID-19 complication led to significantly worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates compared to non-COVID-19 CVD cases.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to various neurological complications.
  • Acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is an observed complication in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Understanding the specific impact of COVID-19 on CVD is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of acute cerebrovascular disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • To compare the presentation and prognosis of CVD in COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify unique clinical phenotypes and adverse outcomes associated with COVID-19-related CVD.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, observational study was conducted on hospitalized adult patients.
  • Data from 32 patients with SARS-CoV-2 and acute CVD were reviewed.
  • Clinical data included epidemiology, features, labs, imaging, management, and outcomes, compared to a control group.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients with CVD showed higher NIH stroke scale scores on discharge and longer hospital stays (13 days vs. 5 days).
  • Ischemic strokes predominated (81%), with seizures occurring in 16% of COVID-19 CVD patients.
  • Adverse outcomes were more frequent in COVID-19 CVD patients, including 31% mortality and 6% hospice discharge, versus 6% mortality in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Acute cerebrovascular disease associated with COVID-19 presents a distinct and more complicated clinical phenotype.
  • COVID-19-related CVD is associated with prolonged hospital admissions and significantly worse clinical outcomes.
  • The findings highlight the severe neurological impact of COVID-19 and underscore the need for vigilant monitoring and management of CVD in these patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19acute ischemic strokecerebrovascular diseaseseizuresstroke

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