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Related Concept Videos

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
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Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

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Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized,...
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Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

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Neonatal Sepsis and Hemostasis.

Dimitra Gialamprinou1, Georgios Mitsiakos1, Georgios N Katsaras1

  • 1Second Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Nea Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal sepsis, often linked to dangerous coagulopathy, involves complex inflammation and hemostasis interactions. Understanding these molecular and cellular mechanisms is key for better neonatal sepsis diagnostics.

Keywords:
flow cytometryhemostasisinflammationneonatal sepsisplateletsviscoelastic tests

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Neonatology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Neonatal sepsis significantly increases morbidity and mortality in hospitalized infants.
  • Sepsis frequently coexists with life-threatening coagulopathy.
  • The interplay between inflammation and hemostasis in neonatal sepsis is complex and not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation and hemostasis in neonatal sepsis.
  • To consider developmental aspects of the immune response and hemostasis.
  • To inform future diagnostic approaches for clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the cross-talk between inflammation and hemostasis.
  • Consideration of developmental hemostasis and immune response.

Main Results:

  • Disturbances in vascular endothelium, platelet-endothelial, and platelet-neutrophil interactions are crucial.
  • Developmental maturation of hemostasis and immune response are important factors.
  • Current conventional coagulation assays have limitations.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of inflammation-hemostasis interactions in neonatal sepsis is needed.
  • Cellular models of hemostasis during sepsis are important for neonates.
  • Advanced diagnostic tools like viscoelastic tests and platelet flow cytometry show promise.