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Talaromyces marneffei Infection: Virulence, Intracellular Lifestyle and Host Defense Mechanisms

Kritsada Pruksaphon1, Joshua D Nosanchuk2,3, Kavi Ratanabanangkoon4

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Talaromycosis, a fungal infection caused by Talaromyces marneffei, involves complex host-pathogen interactions. This review explores T. marneffei virulence, its intracellular lifestyle, and host immune evasion strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) is an opportunistic mycosis.
  • It is caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei.
  • Disease outcomes result from interactions between the pathogen and host immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the dynamic interaction between Talaromyces marneffei and mammalian hosts.
  • To highlight key aspects of T. marneffei virulence factors.
  • To discuss host immune defense mechanisms and pathogen immune evasion strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Talaromyces marneffei-host interactions.
  • Analysis of virulence factors.
  • Examination of intracellular pathogen lifestyle.
  • Review of host immune responses and pathogen immune evasion.

Main Results:

  • Talaromyces marneffei exhibits significant virulence factors.
  • The fungus adopts an intracellular lifestyle within host cells.
  • T. marneffei employs strategies to manipulate and evade host immune defenses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Talaromyces marneffei-host interactions is crucial for managing talaromycosis.
  • Further research into virulence and immune evasion can inform therapeutic strategies.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathogenesis of T. marneffei infections.
Keywords:
Talaromyces marneffeiacquired immunityimmune escapeimmune responseinnate immunitymacrophagesvirulence factors

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