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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Many Changes in Speech through Aging Are Actually a Consequence of Cognitive Changes.

Israel Martínez-Nicolás1,2, Thide E Llorente1,2, Olga Ivanova2,3

  • 1Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Aging affects speech through neurophysiological decline and cognitive impairments. Specific speech parameters change with cognitive state, age, or gender, offering potential clinical markers for cognitive decline.

Keywords:
MMSEaging voicecognitive impairmentcognitive statespeech analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Aging can lead to speech changes due to neurophysiological deterioration or cognitive impairments.
  • Specific speech parameters are altered in individuals with dementia.
  • Identifying distinct speech changes related to aging versus cognitive state is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate speech parameter changes caused by aging, cognitive status, or their interaction.
  • To investigate the influence of age and cognitive decline on speech production.
  • To establish speech as a potential clinical marker for cognitive impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 400 participants aged over 55, stratified into four age groups.
  • Assessment of cognitive state using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to establish three cognitive ranks.
  • Inclusion of gender as a factor in the speech parameter analysis.

Main Results:

  • Temporal, fluency, rhythm, amplitude, and voice quality parameters were linked to cognitive state.
  • Disturbance parameters demonstrated changes primarily associated with age.
  • Frequency parameters were found to be exclusively influenced by gender.

Conclusions:

  • Speech analysis can distinguish between age-related changes and cognitive impairment effects.
  • Understanding these specific influences is key to developing speech-based clinical markers.
  • This research advances the potential of speech analysis in early detection of cognitive decline.