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Cognitive Impairment in End Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Markers and Risk Factors

Piotr Olczyk1, Mariusz Kusztal1, Tomasz Gołębiowski1

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|February 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Cognitive impairment is common in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. New strategies targeting hemodialysis-specific factors are needed to improve brain health in these individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment (CI) is a prevalent issue among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Hemodialysis (HD) treatment is frequently associated with the progression of cognitive impairment.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for managing CI in CKD and HD populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review risk factors contributing to cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease.
  • To identify factors related to hemodialysis sessions that impact cognitive function.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for mitigating cognitive decline in HD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted adhering to the PRISMA statement guidelines.
  • Biomedical electronic databases, including MEDLINE and SCOPUS, were comprehensively searched.
  • Thirty studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected from an initial pool of 1093 publications.

Main Results:

  • Risk factors for CI in HD patients were categorized into three groups: traditional, dialysis-related, and non-traditional.
  • Non-traditional risk factors and those related to dialysis sessions are particularly relevant to the HD population.
  • Studies indicate a significant association between hemodialysis and increased risk of cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • General cognitive impairment interventions may benefit HD patients.
  • Developing novel approaches targeting HD-specific risk factors is essential.
  • Modifying hemodialysis parameters to stabilize cerebral saturation and blood flow shows promise for preventing CI.

Keywords:
brain saturationcardiovascularcerebral blood flowcognitiondementiadialysisrenal replacement therapy

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