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Clinical Differences between Community-Acquired Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia and COVID-19 Pneumonia

Naoyuki Miyashita1, Yasushi Nakamori2, Makoto Ogata1

  • 1Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1191, Osaka, Japan.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and COVID-19 CAP present differently. Key distinctions include loss of taste/smell in COVID-19 CAP and specific chest CT findings, aiding differential diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
  • Distinguishing M. pneumoniae CAP from other bacterial pneumonias is crucial for antibiotic selection.
  • Clinical and radiological features of M. pneumoniae CAP differ from other CAPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate Mycoplasma pneumoniae CAP from COVID-19 CAP.
  • To identify distinct clinical and radiological features between M. pneumoniae CAP and COVID-19 CAP.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-institutional study involving 210 patients with M. pneumoniae CAP and 956 patients with COVID-19 CAP.
  • Analysis of clinical symptoms and chest computed tomography (CT) findings.
  • Comparison of patient demographics, symptoms, and imaging results.

Main Results:

  • M. pneumoniae CAP patients were significantly younger than COVID-19 CAP patients.
  • Cough and sputum were more frequent in M. pneumoniae CAP, but lacked specificity.
  • Loss of taste/smell was exclusive to COVID-19 CAP, while bronchial wall thickening and nodules were characteristic of M. pneumoniae CAP on CT scans.

Conclusions:

  • Loss of taste/smell and specific chest CT findings are key differentiators between M. pneumoniae CAP and COVID-19 CAP.
  • These findings can aid in distinguishing between these two types of pneumonia.
  • Understanding these differences is important for appropriate patient management and treatment strategies.
Keywords:
COVID-19Mycoplasma pneumoniaeSARS-CoV-2clinical differencescommunity-acquired pneumonia

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