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Music Intervention for Pain Control in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Berne Ting1,2, Chia-Lin Tsai2,3, Wei-Ti Hsu3,4

  • 1Ph.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Music intervention significantly reduces pain and improves vital signs in infants and children. This meta-analysis confirms music therapy

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pain Management
  • Evidence-Based Complementary Medicine
  • Clinical Musicology

Background:

  • Music intervention (MI) is recognized for its role in pain management.
  • A comprehensive meta-analysis on the analgesic effects of MI in pediatric populations is lacking.
  • This study addresses the need for synthesized evidence on music therapy for pain in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the analgesic efficacy of music intervention in infants and children.
  • To assess the impact of music therapy on pain intensity and vital signs in pediatric patients.
  • To explore variations in efficacy based on age groups, pain types, and music genres.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases (up to January 2022).
  • Inclusion of RCTs investigating music intervention for pain in pediatric populations.
  • Meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Music intervention significantly reduced overall pain intensity (SMD = -0.57, p < 0.001) in both newborns and older children.
  • MI demonstrated significant reductions in heart rate (SMD = -0.50, p < 0.001) and respiratory rate (SMD = -0.60, p = 0.002), and increased oxygen saturation (SMD = 0.44, p < 0.001).
  • Significant analgesic effects were noted for prick, chronic, procedural, and postoperative pain, with classical, kids', and pop music genres showing the most pronounced benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Music intervention is an effective adjunctive therapy for managing various types of pain in pediatric patients.
  • Specific music genres, including classical, kids', and pop music, are particularly effective in alleviating pain.
  • The findings support the integration of music therapy into clinical practice for pediatric pain management.

Keywords:
childreninfantmusic interventionpain control

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