Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Lung Carcinoids with Aggressive Behaviour: One More Arrow in Our Quiver?
Sergio Di Molfetta1, Tiziana Feola2,3, Giuseppe Fanciulli4
1Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Abstract:
Lung carcinoids are well-differentiated and low-/intermediate-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung. Given their relative rarity, and the paucity of data available from prospective studies, no global consensus exists on the systemic treatment of these tumours. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer management and are under evaluation in patients with diverse types of neuroendocrine neoplasms. The aim of this narrative review is to analyse all available data for the use of approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lung carcinoids. We performed an extensive search for relevant data sources and found five published articles, one meeting abstract, and nine registered clinical trials indicating a growing interest of researchers in this field, and providing preliminary evidence of efficacy for combined nivolumab plus ipilimumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab regimens in the treatment of advanced and/or metastatic lung carcinoids.
Insights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise for treating advanced lung carcinoids, a rare neuroendocrine tumor. Early evidence suggests combination therapies like nivolumab/ipilimumab and durvalumab/tremelimumab may be effective.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pulmonology
- Neuroendocrine Tumors
Background:
- Lung carcinoids are rare, well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms.
- Limited prospective data hinders consensus on systemic treatment for lung carcinoids.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review available data on approved immune checkpoint inhibitors for lung carcinoid treatment.
- To assess the efficacy of these novel therapies in advanced or metastatic lung carcinoids.
Main Methods:
- Extensive literature search for published articles and clinical trials.
- Analysis of data from five published articles, one meeting abstract, and nine registered trials.
Main Results:
- Preliminary evidence suggests efficacy for combination immunotherapy regimens.
- Nivolumab plus ipilimumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab show potential in treating advanced lung carcinoids.
Conclusions:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a growing area of research for lung carcinoids.
- Combination immunotherapy regimens warrant further investigation for advanced and/or metastatic lung carcinoids.
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