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Reducing the γ'-Particle Size in CMSX-4 for Membrane Development.

Janik Marius Lück1, Joachim Rösler1

  • 1Institut für Werkstoffe, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 25, 2022
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Summary

Metallic membranes fabricated using CMSX-4 alloy offer a sustainable alternative for lipophilic drug emulsions. Optimizing heat treatment protocols, specifically air cooling, refines γ/γ

Keywords:
CMSX-4growth of γ′heat treatmentsuperalloy membranesγ′-precipitates

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Technology

Background:

  • Premix membrane emulsification is used for lipophilic drug delivery systems.
  • Current polycarbonate/polyester membranes suffer from fouling and waste.
  • Nickel-based single crystalline superalloy CMSX-4 offers a fouling-resistant alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize metallic membrane fabrication for improved droplet size distribution.
  • To investigate the effect of heat treatment on CMSX-4 microstructure for membrane applications.
  • To identify heat treatment parameters for controlled γ'-particle size and morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of CMSX-4 metallic membranes.
  • Implementation of varied heat treatment protocols: cooling rates (water vs. air), precipitation holding time, and temperature.
  • Microstructural analysis of γ/γ' phases, focusing on γ'-particle size and morphology.

Main Results:

  • Air cooling promotes well-aligned, cubic γ'-particles, superior to water quenching's irregular structures.
  • Reduced precipitation temperature and holding time lead to smaller γ'-particles.
  • An optimal protocol yielded γ'-particles of 224 ± 52 nm with favorable morphology for membrane fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • Heat treatment significantly influences CMSX-4 microstructure, impacting membrane performance.
  • Air cooling and controlled precipitation offer a viable route to tune γ'-particles for enhanced metallic membranes.
  • Optimized CMSX-4 membranes present a durable and efficient platform for lipophilic drug emulsification.