Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 2, 2025

A Rapid Screening Workflow to Identify Potential Combination Therapy for GBM using Patient-Derived Glioma Stem Cells
Published on: March 28, 2021
Thermodynamic Solubility Profile of Temozolomide in Different Commonly Used Pharmaceutical Solvents
Abdul Ahad1, Faiyaz Shakeel1, Mohammad Raish1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The solubility parameters, and solution thermodynamics of temozolomide (TMZ) in 10 frequently used solvents were examined at five different temperatures. The maximum mole fraction solubility of TMZ was ascertained in dimethyl sulfoxide (1.35 × 10-2), followed by that in polyethylene glycol-400 (3.32 × 10-3) > Transcutol® (2.89 × 10-3) > ethylene glycol (1.64 × 10-3) > propylene glycol (1.47 × 10-3) > H2O (7.70 × 10-4) > ethyl acetate (5.44 × 10-4) > ethanol (1.80 × 10-4) > isopropyl alcohol (1.32 × 10-4) > 1-butanol (1.07 × 10-4) at 323.2 K. An analogous pattern was also observed for the other investigated temperatures. The quantitated TMZ solubility values were regressed using Apelblat and Van't Hoff models and showed overall deviances of 0.96% and 1.33%, respectively. Apparent thermodynamic analysis indicated endothermic, spontaneous, and entropy-driven dissolution of TMZ in all solvents. TMZ solubility data may help to formulate dosage forms, recrystallize, purify, and extract/separate TMZ.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
Entropy and Solvation
Solvents
A...
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of...
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...

