Specific features of the VCSEL spectra under microwave current modulation
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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Recombination Dynamics in Thin-film Photovoltaic Materials via Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity
Published on: March 6, 2017
Abstract:
The optical spectrum of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser under microwave frequency current modulation is asymmetric in most cases, i.e., sidebands equidistant from the carrier have unequal powers. Spectra asymmetry is conventionally explained as a result of amplitude modulation affecting a phase-modulated field, but this approach does not give a comprehensive description of the asymmetry. We performed a sequential analysis based on Maxwell's equations accounting for the nonlinear interaction of five spectral components of the laser field. This approach predicted a non-global asymmetry of the spectrum and a new resonant feature in the dependence of the second sidebands' power ratio on the injection current, which we demonstrate experimentally.
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