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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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    This study introduces a secure one-time pad scheme using polar codes for W-band millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber systems. The method enhances data security and reliability over fiber and wireless channels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Telecommunications Engineering
    • Information Security
    • Optical Communications

    Background:

    • Physical layer security is crucial for millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber (MMW-RoF) systems.
    • W-band MMW-RoF systems offer high bandwidth but require robust security measures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate a novel one-time pad (OTP) scheme for enhanced physical layer security in MMW-RoF systems.
    • To integrate polar coding and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for secure data transmission.

    Main Methods:

    • A one-time pad scheme utilizing polar code and OFDM was developed.
    • Random lookup table mapping generated the initial key, while a 4-D cellular neural network (CNN) produced chaotic sequences.
    • The key for subsequent frames was embedded within the frozen bits of the polar code.

    Main Results:

    • The encrypted OFDM signal was successfully transmitted over 50 km of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and a 5 m wireless channel at 100 GHz.
    • The proposed scheme, using an SCL8 decoder, achieved a ~4.1 dB gain at a bit error rate (BER) of 10⁻³ compared to traditional OFDM.
    • Frozen bits of polar code were effectively utilized for transmitting additional information, enhancing security and reliability.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed polar code-based OTP scheme significantly improves the security and reliability of MMW-RoF systems.
    • The integration of polar codes and OTP mechanisms offers a promising approach for secure high-frequency communication.