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Related Concept Videos

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

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T2-high asthma phenotypes across lifespan.

Nicole Maison1,2,3, Jimmy Omony1,3, Sabina Illi1,3

  • 1Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention (IAP), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany.

The European Respiratory Journal
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2-high asthma, characterized by eosinophilia and atopy, is identifiable in children and adults using simple biomarkers. This finding supports early intervention with targeted therapies for improved asthma management.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Personalized asthma treatment in adults often targets type 2 (T2)-high and eosinophilic phenotypes.
  • The applicability of this classification in children remains unclear.
  • Identifying distinct asthma phenotypes early is crucial for effective, tailored treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define T2-high asthma using readily available biomarkers.
  • To compare asthma phenotypes across all age groups, including children.
  • To establish if T2-high asthma classification is feasible and consistent in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 1125 participants (776 asthmatics, 349 controls) into the All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE).
  • Conducted extensive clinical characterization including allergy testing and blood tests over 2 years.
  • Measured key inflammatory markers like Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 after specific blood cell stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Developed a classification system based on blood eosinophils and IgE levels, identifying 'atopy-only', 'eosinophils-only', 'T2-high', and 'T2-low' phenotypes.
  • Confirmed the presence of the T2-high phenotype across all age groups, persisting in children over 2 years.
  • Observed that T2-high asthma in adults was linked to childhood onset and characterized by high allergen-specific IgE and increased IL-5 production from school age.

Conclusions:

  • T2-high asthma can be identified in all age groups using accessible biomarkers, defining a distinct and consistent phenotype.
  • This classification may guide the use of biologic therapies in younger patients.
  • Early identification of T2-high asthma in children opens avenues for timely and personalized treatment interventions.