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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Studying Macrophage-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Salivary Gland Regeneration After Injury
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Cadherin-11 Regulates Macrophage Development and Function.

Sarah To1, Thandiwe Chavula1, Mesias Pedroza1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cadherin-11 (CDH11) impacts macrophage development and function. Loss of CDH11 in mice reduces monocyte recruitment and impairs macrophage differentiation and phagocytosis, crucial for lung fibrosis.

Keywords:
Cadherin-11macrophagesmonocytesphagocytosispolarizationpulmonary fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Cadherin-11 (CDH11) is a cell-cell adhesion protein implicated in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis.
  • CDH11 is expressed on macrophages within fibrotic lung tissue.
  • The specific role of CDH11 in macrophage biology remains uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of CDH11 in monocyte and macrophage biology.
  • To determine the impact of CDH11 deficiency on myeloid lineage development and differentiation.
  • To elucidate CDH11's role in macrophage polarization and function.

Main Methods:

  • Immunophenotypic analysis of monocytes and macrophages in wild-type and Cdh11 knockout mice.
  • Analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in bone marrow.
  • Assessment of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in vitro.
  • Evaluation of M2 polarization and phagocytic capacity of bone marrow-derived macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Cdh11 mice exhibited reduced recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages and Ly6Chi monocytes in the lungs during bleomycin-induced fibrosis.
  • Fewer Ly6Chi monocytes were observed in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of naive Cdh11 mice.
  • Loss of CDH11 led to impaired monocyte to macrophage differentiation, repressed M2 polarization, and reduced phagocytic function.

Conclusions:

  • CDH11 plays a significant role in regulating monocyte recruitment and differentiation into macrophages.
  • CDH11 deficiency negatively affects macrophage M2 polarization and phagocytic capabilities.
  • These findings highlight CDH11 as a critical factor in macrophage development and function, with implications for fibrotic diseases.