Perioperative Stroke and Thirty-Day Hospital Readmission After Cardiac Surgeries: State Inpatient Database Study

Readmission rates are an important metric for evaluating healthcare quality. Stroke is a major complication following cardiac surgery. Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency and predictors of 30-day unplanned hospital readmission after cardiac surgeries and to evaluate the impact of perioperative stroke on readmission.

Surgical discharge records spanning the years of 2008 through 2011 were analyzed utilizing California State Inpatient Database. International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes and Clinical Classification Software (CCS) codes were used to identify surgeries and variables of interest. Surgical records were then followed up for 30 days through linking admission records. Perioperative stroke was defined as brain infarction of ischemic or hemorrhagic etiology that occurred during or within 30 days after surgery.

Baseline characteristics associated with increased readmission rates were female gender, age above 65, non-white race, lower income, and increased number of comorbidities. Among 199,617 hospitalizations for cardiac surgeries, 1,817 (0.91%) patients developed perioperative stroke. The rate of readmission in perioperative stroke patients was 21.89%. They had a longer length of hospital stay and their discharge was vastly non-routine (84%). Our univariate analysis yielded significant association between stroke and readmission rates (odds ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence interval: 1.63 - 2.04). This association failed to remain significant upon controlling for other variables in our multivariate analysis.

Baseline patient characteristics and perioperative complications are significant predictors of readmission. More than one in five patients who develop a stroke after cardiac surgery are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge.