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Updated: Oct 2, 2025
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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: September 9, 2022
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Autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic syndromes in Turkey: a multi-centre study
Rabia Gokcen Gozubatik-Celik1, Zeynep Bastug Gul2, Elif Bengisu Bilgin2
1Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases, Neurology, University of Health Sciences, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey. gokcen3@hotmail.com.
Summary
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) and paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are rare neurological diseases. Differentiating them, especially in antibody-negative cases, relies on subtle clinical and lab findings, aiding diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Neuroimmunology
Background:
- Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) and paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are rare, challenging-to-diagnose neurological disorders.
- Both conditions involve immune system dysfunction affecting the nervous system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify commonalities and distinctions between AIE and PNS.
- To characterize the patient cohort with these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of patient records, including symptoms, demographics, neurological exams, MRI, EEG, and CSF findings.
- Detection of autoimmune/paraneoplastic autoantibodies in blood and/or CSF.
Main Results:
- 38 patients diagnosed with AIE, 8 with PNS.
- PNS group showed higher rates of nonconvulsive status epilepticus and malignancy diagnosis compared to AIE.
- In AIE, antibody-negative patients exhibited more consciousness/memory problems and speech impairment than antibody-positive patients.
Conclusions:
- While autoantibody positivity is key, subtle clinical and laboratory differences aid AIE and PNS diagnosis, particularly in antibody-negative cases.
- Inherited and environmental factors may influence the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of AIE and PNS.
