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Updated: Oct 2, 2025
Analysis of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with High Frequency Transcranial Duplex Ultrasound
Published on: June 3, 2021
Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging for the Detection of Cerebral Hypoperfusion After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Christian Fung1,2, Dieter Henrik Heiland3,4, Raluca Reitmeir5
1Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. Christian.fung@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
Background:
Delayed cerebral ischemia increases mortality and morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Various techniques are applied to detect cerebral vasospasm and hypoperfusion. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion imaging (UPI) is able to detect cerebral hypoperfusion in acute ischemic stroke. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the use of UPI to enable detection of cerebral hypoperfusion after aSAH.
Methods:
We prospectively enrolled patients with aSAH and performed UPI examinations every second day after aneurysm closure. Perfusion of the basal ganglia was outlined to normalize the perfusion records of the anterior and posterior middle cerebral artery territory. We applied various models to characterize longitudinal perfusion alterations in patients with delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND) across the cohort and predict DIND by using a multilayer classification model.
Results:
Between August 2013 and December 2015, we included 30 patients into this prospective study. The left-right difference of time to peak (TTP) values showed a significant increase at day 10-12. Patients with DIND demonstrated a significant, 4.86 times increase of the left-right TTP ratio compared with a mean fold change in patients without DIND of 0.9 times (p = 0.032).
Conclusions:
UPI is feasible to enable detection of cerebral tissue hypoperfusion after aSAH, and the left-right difference of TTP values is the most indicative result of this finding.
