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Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.7K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.8K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.8K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.3K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
8.3K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.2K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.2K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

2.0K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
2.0K
Radical Formation: Elimination00:51

Radical Formation: Elimination

1.9K
Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions...
1.9K

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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization.

Ruoyu Li1, Weina Kong1, Zesheng An1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzymes are revolutionizing radical polymerization, offering sustainable and efficient methods for creating advanced materials. This review explores enzyme-catalyzed reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) and its diverse applications.

Keywords:
atom-transfer radical polymerizationenzyme catalysisradical polymerizationreversible addition-fragmentation chain transferreversible deactivation radical polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biocatalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Enzyme catalysis offers a sustainable and efficient alternative in polymerization.
  • Reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) benefits from enzymatic control.
  • Enzymes provide mild reaction conditions and high selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key roles of enzymes in RDRP (Enz-RDRP).
  • To highlight diverse applications of Enz-RDRP.
  • To discuss challenges and future prospects in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of enzyme activities in RDRP: ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme functions.
  • Review of selected examples showcasing Enz-RDRP applications.
  • Analysis of current limitations and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Enzymes demonstrate versatile roles including ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities in RDRP.
  • Enz-RDRP enables applications in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge and identifies key areas for advancement.

Conclusions:

  • Enz-RDRP is a rapidly emerging and promising area in polymer science.
  • Enzymatic approaches offer significant advantages in terms of sustainability and efficiency.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully exploit the potential of Enz-RDRP.