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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

148
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin,...
148
Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

588
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
588
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

3.0K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
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Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

132
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
132
Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

145
Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
145
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

141
Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis
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Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis

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Exopolysaccharides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria: biosynthesis pathway, structure-function relationship,

Jinsong Wu1,2, Xiangpeng Han1, Meizhi Ye1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|February 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-derived exopolysaccharides (EPS) offer health benefits and texture modification. This review details their biosynthesis, production, and structure-function relationships to overcome cost and production challenges.

Keywords:
Applicationbiosynthesisexopolysaccharideslactic acid bacteriamodificationstructure-function relationship

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Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Food Science: Focuses on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their exopolysaccharides (EPS).

Background:

  • LAB-derived EPS are valuable for food texture and possess diverse bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-biofilm, antiviral, immune-regulatory, antitumor).
  • Low production yield and high cost impede the widespread application of LAB-derived EPS.

Approach:

  • This review systematically summarizes the biosynthesis pathways of LAB-derived EPS.
  • It details strain selection strategies and production parameters to optimize EPS yield.
  • The structure-function relationships and potential applications of LAB-derived EPS are discussed.

Key Points:

  • Understanding biosynthesis pathways is crucial for enhancing EPS production.
  • Optimizing production parameters and selecting suitable strains are key to cost-effective manufacturing.
  • Structure-function analysis guides the development of novel applications for LAB-derived EPS.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of LAB-derived EPS, from biosynthesis to application.
  • It highlights the need for further research into structural modifications and novel applications.
  • Addressing production challenges is essential for unlocking the full potential of these functional biopolymers.