Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

13:48
Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility
Published on: August 8, 2014
Cities as complex systems-Collection overview
Diego Rybski1,2,3, Marta C González4
1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research - PIK, Member of Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany.
Plos One
|February 25, 2022
Summary
This collection explores cities as complex systems, examining urban scaling, mobility, and spatial analysis. It highlights how information technology and temporal dynamics shape urban environments.
Area of Science:
- Urban Studies
- Complexity Science
- Spatial Analysis
Background:
- Cities are increasingly viewed through the lens of complex systems.
- Contemporary research explores various facets of urban dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a curated selection of recent research on cities as complex systems.
- To introduce and discuss key themes including urban scaling, mobility, and spatial analysis.
Main Methods:
- Thematic review of submitted papers (April-October 2020).
- Discussion of example papers on urban scaling, mobility, flows, spatial analysis, IT, and temporal aspects.
Main Results:
- Identified key research areas: urban scaling, urban mobility, flows in cities, spatial analysis, information technology and cities, and cities in time.
- Provided an introduction and further insights into urban scaling.
Conclusions:
- Cities exhibit characteristics of complex systems requiring interdisciplinary approaches.
- Further research is needed to understand the intricate dynamics of urban environments.
Related Concept Videos
Levels of Organization
Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. Each level of the hierarchy represents an increase in complexity that builds upon the previous level.Molecules Are Composed of Atoms, and Biomolecules Are Assembled from Molecules:The most basic levels include atoms, molecules, and biomolecules. Atoms, the smallest unit of ordinary matter, are composed of a nucleus and electrons. Molecules comprise...
Multicompartment Models: Overview
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
Introduction to GIS
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are tools for storing, analyzing, and displaying spatial data alongside related attributes. Unlike traditional information systems that address general queries, GIS incorporates spatial components, enabling users to answer "where" and "how far." For example, GIS can process housing data linked to geographic locations like zip codes, allowing insights into population density or housing distribution through thematic maps.GIS integrates technologies such as...
Levels of Use of a GIS
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
Selected Data About Geographic Locations
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
Manipulation and Analysis
GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...

