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Vaccination status and factors associated among children age 12-23 months in Ethiopia, based on 2016 EDHS: Logit

Ermias Bekele Enyew¹, Abiyu Abadi Tareke²

¹Department of Health Informatics, Mettu University Ethiopia, Mettu, Ethiopia.

|February 25, 2022

Insights

Childhood vaccination status in Ethiopia remains low, with only 35% of children fully vaccinated. Focused antenatal care visits significantly increase the odds of full and partial vaccination for children.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Pediatrics
Epidemiology

Background:

Childhood immunization is a critical, cost-effective measure preventing millions of child deaths annually.
Ethiopia faces high under-five mortality, with approximately 190,000 deaths each year.
Limited research has specifically categorized Ethiopian children aged 12-23 months as non-vaccinated, partially vaccinated, or fully vaccinated.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify factors associated with vaccination status among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia.
To analyze the prevalence of non-vaccinated, partially vaccinated, and fully vaccinated children.
To provide data for improving childhood immunization programs in Ethiopia.

Main Methods:

Secondary data analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).
Inclusion of 1911 children aged 12-23 months.
Logit-based multinomial logistic regression to identify associated factors, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Main Results:

Overall prevalence: 35% fully vaccinated, 49% partially vaccinated, 16% non-vaccinated.
Focused antenatal care (ANC) visits (≥4) were associated with significantly higher odds of full vaccination (AOR=9.74) and partial vaccination (AOR=4.97) compared to no ANC visits.
Other significant factors included frequency of ANC visits, being visited by a field worker, recent health facility visits, and wealth status.

Conclusions:

Childhood full vaccination coverage in Ethiopia is below WHO targets.
Focused antenatal care visits and contact with health workers are crucial for improving vaccination status.
Targeted interventions addressing socioeconomic and healthcare access factors are needed to enhance childhood immunization rates.

Read full analysis

Abstract

Background:

Childhood immunization is one of the most cost-effective prevention measures for children's mortality and morbidity, saving 2-3 million lives per year. In Ethiopia, under-five mortality rates, about 190,000 children die each year. Different research conducted in Ethiopia on childhood vaccination have focused on either vaccination coverage of individual vaccine or complete and incomplete vaccination. As far as my literature searching, studies separated the vaccination status into non-vaccinated, partially vaccinated and full vaccinated and assorted factors among children age 12-23 month in Ethiopia were limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with vaccination status among children 12-23 months of age in Ethiopia.

Method:

A secondary data analysis was done based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total weighted sample of 1911 children age 12-23 months of age were included in the study. Logit based Multinomial logistic regression analysis was computed to distinguish factors associated with routine vaccination of children aged 12-23 months. P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance of each independent variables, and adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval were used to present the result and STATA 14 was utilized for data management and analysis.

Result:

Overall the prevalence of full vaccinated children was 35%, while 49% of children were partially vaccinated and 16% were non-vaccinated. In multinomial analysis, having focused ANC (at least four visits) contrasted to no ANC visits at all had 9.7 higher odd of being fully vaccinated than not vaccinated [AOR = 9.74, 95% CI = 3.52-26.94], and 5 times higher odd of being partially vaccinated than not vaccinated [AOR = 4.97, 95% CI = 2.00-12.33].

Conclusion:

The present study found that childhood full vaccination status was low compared with the World Health Organization targets. Frequency of ANC visit and visited by field worker were significantly associated both partially and full vaccination whereas, visited health facility last 12 months and wealth status were significantly associated with childhood full vaccination.

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