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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

145
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
145
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

157
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
157

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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Dual-Beam Steerable TMAs Combining AM and PM Switched Time-Modulation.

Roberto Maneiro-Catoira1, Julio Brégains1, José A García-Naya1

  • 1CITIC Research Center, Department of Computer Engineering, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel dual-beam time-modulated array (TMA) for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The innovative design offers power efficiency and hardware simplicity, outperforming traditional phased arrays.

Keywords:
beam steeringmultibeamtime-modulated arrayswireless sensor networks

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Antenna Theory
  • Wireless Communications

Background:

  • Wireless sensor networks (WSN) demand directional antennas for enhanced capacity, security, and range.
  • Smart antenna capabilities like adaptive beamforming are crucial for advanced WSN applications.
  • Conventional phased arrays using variable phase shifters (VPSs) are costly and have limited resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and combine time-modulated array (TMA) switched feeding networks with amplitude and phase modulation.
  • To propose an innovative dual-beam TMA architecture.
  • To evaluate the advantages of the proposed TMA over existing antenna systems.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of time-modulated arrays (TMA) with discretized amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM) waveforms.
  • Analysis of switched feeding networks for dual-beam radiation patterns.
  • Comparison of the proposed TMA with standard phased array architectures.

Main Results:

  • The proposed dual-beam TMA demonstrates superior power efficiency and beamsteering (BS) phase sensitivity.
  • The TMA architecture offers significant hardware simplicity.
  • The innovative TMA achieves a notable cost advantage compared to competing designs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dual-beam TMA presents a cost-effective and efficient solution for WSN applications.
  • TMAs with combined AM and PM modulation offer multifunctional capabilities.
  • The proposed architecture advances directional antenna technology for wireless sensor networks.