Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 2, 2025
08:15
Data Communication Based on MQTT in a Polymer Extrusion Process
Published on: July 15, 2022
3.6K
Integrating the IEEE 1451 and IEC 61499 Standards with the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture
Helbert da Rocha1,2, Reza Abrishambaf3, João Pereira1,2
1Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2022
Summary
This study demonstrates how IEEE 1451 and IEC 61499 standards enable syntactic interoperability for Industry 4.0. Combining these standards facilitates data exchange and control in industrial environments, with MQTT showing superior performance.
Area of Science:
- Industrial Automation and Control Systems
- Internet of Things (IoT) in Manufacturing
- Cyber-Physical Systems
Background:
- Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) require reference architecture models for managing complexity.
- Interoperability at syntactic and semantic levels is crucial for integrating diverse industrial components.
- Existing standards need to be combined to address the challenges of seamless data exchange in smart manufacturing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate syntactic interoperability between IEEE 1451 and IEC 61499 standards within an industrial context.
- To propose and evaluate a reference architecture model for Industry 4.0 that integrates these two standards.
- To assess the network performance of communication protocols within the proposed architecture.
Main Methods:
- The study combines the IEEE 1451 standard for smart transducer data acquisition with the IEC 61499 standard for industrial control.
- A reference architecture model for Industry 4.0 was developed, integrating IEEE 1451 and IEC 61499.
- Network performance was evaluated using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) over local and external networks, with data captured by Wireshark and processed in MATLAB.
Main Results:
- The integration of IEEE 1451 and IEC 61499 successfully enabled syntactic interoperability and data exchange for an Industry 4.0 reference architecture.
- Implementation on a low-power microcontroller (MSP430) and Raspberry Pi demonstrated practical application.
- MQTT protocol exhibited faster performance, smaller packet sizes, and lower bandwidth consumption compared to HTTP, though HTTP offered greater reliability for real-time communication.
Conclusions:
- Combining IEEE 1451 and IEC 61499 standards is a viable solution for achieving syntactic interoperability in Industry 4.0 environments.
- The proposed reference architecture model facilitates data exchange and control, paving the way for enhanced manufacturing processes.
- Protocol selection (MQTT vs. HTTP) impacts network performance, with MQTT being more efficient for bandwidth-constrained IIoT applications.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Distribution Reliability and Automation
173
Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
173
01:25Control Systems: Applications
823
Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The...
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The...
823
01:24PI Controller: Design
569
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
569
01:21Pilot and Numeric Relaying
151
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
151
01:23Insulation Coordination
240
Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times...
240
01:21Electrical Systems
487
In electrical engineering, the analysis of networks composed of passive linear components — resistors (R), capacitors (C), and inductors (L) — is fundamental. These components are organized into circuits where the relationship between input and output can be analyzed using transfer functions. The transfer function of an RLC circuit, which relates the voltage across a capacitor to the input voltage, can be derived using Kirchhoff's laws.
To derive the transfer function, consider...
To derive the transfer function, consider...
487