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Cellular Immune Response after Vaccination in Patients with Cancer-Review on Past and Present Experiences
Maria Madeleine Rüthrich1,2, Nicola Giesen3, Sibylle C Mellinghoff4
1Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
Abstract:
Patients with cancer are at particular risk for infection but also have diminished vaccine responses, usually quantified by the level of specific antibodies. Nonetheless, vaccines are specifically recommended in this vulnerable patient group. Here, we discuss the cellular part of the vaccine response in patients with cancer. We summarize the experience with vaccines prior to and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in different subgroups, and we discuss why, especially in patients with cancer, T cells may be the more reliable correlate of protection. Finally, we provide a brief outlook on options to improve the cellular response to vaccines.
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