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[Electrolyte abnormalities associated with cancer: a review].

A Wakui

    Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cancer patients frequently experience water and electrolyte disorders due to tumors. This review covers hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, and hypokalemia, common in advanced cancer.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Nephrology
    • Endocrinology

    Context:

    • Cancer growth and tumor destruction can disrupt normal electrolyte balance.
    • Metabolically active substances produced by tumors contribute to electrolyte abnormalities.
    • Patients with advanced cancer are particularly susceptible to these disorders.

    Purpose:

    • To review common water and electrolyte disorders in cancer patients.
    • To discuss the mechanisms behind hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, and hypokalemia in cancer.
    • To categorize hypercalcemia in cancer patients.

    Summary:

    • Hyponatremia, including "sick cell syndrome" and SIADH, is a frequent electrolyte abnormality in advanced cancer.
    • Hypercalcemia in cancer is linked to bone metastases, solid tumors, hematologic malignancies, and hormonal factors, with ectopic PTH being rare.
    • Hypokalemia is associated with specific tumors producing hormones like ACTH and insulin, and with certain types of adenocarcinoma.

    Impact:

    • Understanding these disorders aids in timely diagnosis and management of cancer-related complications.
    • This review provides a foundation for further research into novel therapeutic strategies.
    • Improved management of electrolyte imbalances can enhance patient quality of life and treatment outcomes.

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