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Determination of the Transport Efficiency in spICP-MS Analysis Using Conventional Sample Introduction Systems: An

Otmar Geiss1, Ivana Bianchi1, Guillaume Bucher2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transport efficiency in single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) is crucial for accurate nanoparticle analysis. This study found the particle frequency (TEF) method yielded lower efficiencies, influenced by nanoparticle suspension conditions, while the particle size (TES) method is best for size determination.

Keywords:
gold nanoparticlessingle particle ICP-MStransport efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate nanoparticle quantification in single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) relies on precise transport efficiency (TE) determination.
  • Variability in TE can significantly impact particle number concentration and size measurements.
  • Standardized methods for TE determination are essential for inter-laboratory comparability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate and compare two primary methods for determining transport efficiency in spICP-MS: the particle size (TES) and particle frequency (TEF) methods.
  • To assess the influence of different gold nanoparticle (AuNP) suspensions and laboratory conditions on TE measurements.
  • To provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate TE method based on measurement objectives.

Main Methods:

  • Transport efficiency was determined using both TES and TEF methods across multiple days and laboratories.
  • Six well-characterized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) suspensions were utilized.
  • Measurements were performed on various ICP-MS instruments employing different spICP-MS software packages.

Main Results:

  • Under ideal conditions, TES and TEF methods showed comparable transport efficiency results.
  • The TEF method consistently yielded lower transport efficiencies compared to TES.
  • A significant relative difference (0-300%) was observed between TEF and TES, heavily dependent on the choice and storage of AuNP suspensions.
  • Variability was noted across different European and US expert laboratories.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of method for transport efficiency determination in spICP-MS significantly impacts results, particularly when using the TEF approach.
  • The TES method is recommended when the primary goal is accurate particle size determination.
  • The TEF method may be preferable for particle number concentration measurements, potentially offering better compensation for sample introduction losses.