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Known Cellular and Receptor Interactions of Animal and Human Coronaviruses: A Review

Holly Everest1,2, Phoebe Stevenson-Leggett1, Dalan Bailey1

  • 1The Pirbright Institute, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.

Viruses
|February 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Understanding coronavirus host-cell interactions and receptor binding is crucial, especially after SARS-CoV-2 emergence. This knowledge aids in preventing future zoonotic transmissions and developing interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Emergence of novel coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need to understand host-pathogen interactions.
  • Coronaviruses utilize spike proteins to bind cellular receptors, initiating infection.
  • Receptor-binding influences viral tropism, pathogenesis, and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known interactions between animal and human coronaviruses and their cellular receptors.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding coronavirus host-cell interactions in light of recent pandemics.
  • To underscore the potential for zoonotic transmission events and the need for targeted research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on coronavirus-receptor interactions.
  • Analysis of the role of spike protein in viral entry and host tropism.
  • Examination of glycan-coronavirus interactions and their implications in zoonotic spillover.

Main Results:

  • Identified key cellular receptors utilized by various coronaviruses for host cell entry.
  • Highlighted the critical role of spike protein-receptor binding in determining viral tropism and pathogenesis.
  • Emphasized the significance of glycan-binding alterations in facilitating zoonotic transmission events.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of coronavirus-receptor interactions is essential for pandemic preparedness.
  • Targeted research into glycan-coronavirus interactions may offer novel intervention strategies.
  • Continued surveillance and research are vital to mitigate risks associated with future zoonotic coronaviruses.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2cleavagecoronavirusglycanhaemagglutinin-esterasehost interactionomicronreceptor-bindingsialic acidspike protein

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