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Metal release from dental biomaterials.

D Brune

    Biomaterials
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dental alloys release elements like mercury and nickel into saliva, with mercury from amalgams potentially forming a significant daily intake. Some alloys release elements comparable to dietary intake, necessitating further safety analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dental Materials Science
    • Biomaterials Corrosion
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Dental alloys are widely used in restorations, but their corrosion and elemental release in oral environments are not fully characterized.
    • Understanding the kinetics of elemental release from various dental alloys is crucial for assessing patient safety.
    • Existing data on elemental release from dental alloys into saliva is limited, particularly concerning specific biological environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To survey and compile the levels of corrosion products released from various dental alloys (amalgam, cobalt, gold, nickel, iron, titanium-based).
    • To compare the released elemental quantities from dental alloys to human dietary intake for safety analysis.
    • To investigate the release kinetics of specific elements from dental alloys in biological environments like saliva.

    Main Methods:

    • Compilation of published data on elemental release (Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ti, Ni) from dental alloys.
    • Adaptation of released quantities to a 'standard restored man' based on restoration number or surface area.
    • Comparison of released elemental amounts to human food and drink intake of similar elements.
    • Discussion of elemental release under static and dynamic conditions, including mechanical forces like chewing.

    Main Results:

    • Mercury release from amalgams can constitute a substantial portion of daily intake, both initially and long-term.
    • Cadmium release from copper amalgam in vitro approached dietary intake levels.
    • Nickel release from high-nickel base metal alloys in vitro was comparable to dietary intake, while nickel release from cobalt-based alloys was insignificant.
    • Elemental release from most other tested alloys was significantly below dietary intake levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Elemental release from dental alloys varies significantly, with mercury and nickel being key elements of concern from specific alloy types.
    • The release of certain elements, like mercury from amalgams, can be influenced by mechanical factors such as chewing.
    • Further research into corrosion testing and release kinetics is needed for a comprehensive safety assessment of dental alloys in diverse oral environments.

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