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Related Concept Videos

Respiration Pathways01:26

Respiration Pathways

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Cellular respiration is a fundamental metabolic process that enables organisms to generate energy from organic molecules. One of its central pathways is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which plays a crucial role in energy production and biosynthetic processes.Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoAThe pyruvate generated from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, producing acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and one...
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Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
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Carbohydrate Catabolism01:30

Carbohydrate Catabolism

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Carbohydrate catabolism is a fundamental process in cellular metabolism that enables energy extraction from glucose through two primary pathways: cellular respiration and fermentation. Both pathways begin with glycolysis, which operates independently of oxygen availability.Glycolysis: A Shared Starting PointGlycolysis is an oxygen-independent process that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. During this process, a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules is...
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Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

Peroxisomes and Mitochondria

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Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
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Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping
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Reverse β-oxidation pathways for efficient chemical production.

Katia Tarasava1, Seung Hwan Lee1, Jing Chen1

  • 1Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
|February 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered reverse beta-oxidation (rBOX) pathways offer a novel synthetic biology solution for efficient microbial production of chemicals and materials. This approach minimizes enzymes and regulation for a sustainable bioeconomy.

Keywords:
Metabolic engineeringReverse β-oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Metabolic engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Microbial production of fuels, chemicals, and materials is crucial for a sustainable bioeconomy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Native metabolic pathways often have limitations in efficiency and are subject to complex regulation, hindering optimal product synthesis.
  • Synthetic biology offers a powerful toolkit to engineer novel pathways for enhanced bioproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present recent advancements in engineering reverse beta-oxidation (rBOX) pathways for the modular synthesis of diverse bioproducts.
  • To highlight the potential of rBOX as an alternative solution for efficient and regulated bioproduction.
  • To explore the interfacing of rBOX with various carbon-utilization pathways and its deployment in different organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering of reverse beta-oxidation (rBOX) pathways.
  • Utilizing a minimal set of four core enzymes for iterative carbon molecule elongation.
  • Interfacing rBOX with diverse carbon-utilization pathways and host organisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated rBOX pathway engineering for the production of alcohols and carboxylic acids with varied functional groups.
  • Showcased the synthesis of commercially important molecules like polyketides using rBOX.
  • Enabled feedstock diversification, utilizing substrates such as glycerol, carbon dioxide, and methane.

Conclusions:

  • Reverse beta-oxidation (rBOX) pathways provide an efficient, ATP-independent, and modular approach for bioproduct synthesis.
  • rBOX engineering offers a versatile platform for producing a wide range of chemicals and materials with high carbon and energy efficiency.
  • The adaptability of rBOX to various carbon sources and host organisms significantly expands its potential for a sustainable bioeconomy.