Parasocial relationships, social media, & well-being

Parasocial relationships (PSRs) are nonreciprocal socio-emotional connections with media figures such as celebrities or influencers. Social media platforms afford the opportunity for PSRs to beneficially influence multiple dimensions of well-being among media users, but adverse well-being outcomes may also occur. PSRs on social media can promote healthy attitudes and behaviors and lower health-related stigma, but may adversely impact mental health through negative self-comparisons. PSRs also can enhance feelings of connection and community, facilitate coping, foster personal development and identity exploration, and reduce prejudice (through parasocial contact). Explorations into how the unique aspects of social media platforms play a role in well-being outcomes of PSRs are just beginning, but insights from the growing body of evidence indicate both promise and challenges.