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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Increased prefrontal cortex connectivity associated with depression vulnerability and relapse.

Zhu-Qing Zhang1, Ming-Hao Yang1, Zhi-Peng Guo1

  • 1Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|February 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals at high risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), including remitted patients and unaffected siblings, show altered brain activity in the default mode network. This suggests a neural vulnerability trait for MDD.

Keywords:
Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuationFunctional connectivityFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMajor depressive disorderResting-state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mood disorder with significant relapse risk.
  • Unaffected siblings of MDD patients offer a window into pre-symptomatic neural traits.
  • Understanding neural mechanisms in at-risk individuals is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural differences in remitted MDD patients and unaffected siblings compared to healthy controls.
  • To explore regional brain activity and functional connectivity patterns.
  • To identify potential neural markers of MDD vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used in 31 remitted MDD patients, 29 unaffected siblings, and 43 healthy controls.
  • Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) measured regional brain activity.
  • Functional connectivity (FC) assessed synchronization between brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Remitted MDD patients and unaffected siblings exhibited increased fALFF in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) compared to controls.
  • Elevated FC was observed between the left dmPFC and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in both at-risk groups.
  • fALFF and FC in these regions correlated with cognitive performance measures.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with remitted MDD and unaffected siblings share distinct neural patterns in the dmPFC and vmPFC-dmPFC connectivity, even without current symptoms.
  • These findings suggest a trait-based abnormality within the default mode network associated with MDD vulnerability.
  • Targeting the default mode network may offer novel therapeutic strategies for MDD.