Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin
10:42

Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin

Published on: December 22, 2017

Effect of age on epidermal immune function

D N Sauder

    Dermatologic Clinics
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Human Ex vivo Wound Model and Whole-Mount Staining Approach to Accurately Evaluate Skin Repair07:32

    Human Ex vivo Wound Model and Whole-Mount Staining Approach to Accurately Evaluate Skin Repair

    Published on: February 17, 2021

    Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation09:07

    Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

    Published on: June 24, 2025

    Related Concept Videos

    Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

    Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

    The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
    Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

    Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

    Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
    The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

    The Effect of Aging on Tissues

    Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
    Cells of the Epidermis01:24

    Cells of the Epidermis

    The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
    The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
    Pigmentation01:19

    Pigmentation

    The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
    Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
    Layers of the Epidermis01:21

    Layers of the Epidermis

    The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
    Stratum Basale
    Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...