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Region Specific Brain Organoids to Study Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Praveen Joseph Susaimanickam1, Ferdi Ridvan Kiral1, In-Hyun Park1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

International Journal of Stem Cells
|February 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Region-specific brain organoids, guided by signaling pathways, offer new ways to model neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and explore treatment options.

Keywords:
Brain organoidsDisease modelingHuman pluripotent stem cellsNeurodevelopmental disordersRegion-specific brain organoids

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Cerebral organoids self-pattern, while region-specific brain organoids utilize extrinsic patterning signals.
  • Understanding neural axis formation is key to generating diverse brain organoid models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review region-specific brain organoid development.
  • To discuss their application in modeling neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).

Main Methods:

  • Discussing principles of neural axis formation via growth factors (SHH, WNT, BMP signaling).
  • Reviewing studies that utilize region-specific brain organoids to model NDDs.

Main Results:

  • Established region-specific brain organoids can model various aspects of NDDs.
  • These models provide insights into NDD mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Region-specific brain organoids are valuable tools for NDD research.
  • Further development holds promise for advancing our understanding and treatment of neurodevelopmental conditions.