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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
Published on: July 4, 2018
Vincenzo Pota1, Francesco Coppolino2, Alfonso Barbarisi3
1Department of Women, Child, General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. vincenzo.pota@unicampania.it.
Critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) often experience pain, which can lead to chronic pain. Multimodal approaches, combining opioids with adjuvant medications, are key to improving pain management and patient experience in the ICU.
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