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Related Concept Videos

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
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Corneal absorption spectra in the deep UV range.

Dominik Inniger1,2,3, Alessio Poretti2, Manuel Ryser3

  • 1University of Bern, Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|February 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Accurate corneal absorption coefficients were measured for refractive surgery applications. These findings, crucial for precise laser ablation, were extrapolated to in-vivo conditions, improving surgical modeling.

Keywords:
absorptionellipsometryophthalmologyrefractive indexultraviolet

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biophysics
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Refractive surgery relies on pulsed lasers (193, 210, 213 nm) targeting corneal absorption.
  • Existing corneal absorption coefficient data is inconsistent and limited to specific wavelengths.
  • Precise ablation necessitates accurate absorption coefficients under in-vivo conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the absorption coefficient of corneal tissue across a broad UV range (185-250 nm).
  • To accurately measure refractive index and absorption coefficient close to in-vivo conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of postmortem time and storage on these optical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a custom-designed UV ellipsometer for precise measurements.
  • Measured optical properties of intact eyeballs under varying environmental conditions and preparation methods.
  • Analyzed the temporal evolution of refractive index and absorption coefficient post-enucleation.

Main Results:

  • Provided accurate refractive index and absorption coefficient values for cornea (185-250 nm).
  • Observed a decrease in absorption coefficient over time due to corneal degeneration.
  • Extrapolated optical properties to in-vivo conditions using temporal evolution data.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate, near in-vivo corneal absorption coefficients enhance understanding and modeling of refractive surgery.
  • Findings support improved laser ablation precision, especially with emerging laser technologies.
  • This research provides a foundation for future advancements in wavelength-specific corneal laser treatments.