[Re-understanding the physiological and pathophysiological roles of neutrophils]

Neutrophils have always been considered as a short-lived and homogeneous cell type in the innate immune system, which have limited pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. However, in recent 10 years, the understanding of neutrophils has been undergoing some kind of revival as researches progressed. The researches on the heterogeneity of neutrophils and the mechanism of their interaction with other immune cells have promoted the researchers to re-understand the physiological and pathophysiological roles of neutrophils. In the following decades, with the development of single-cell sequencing technology, spatial transcriptome sequencing technology, and multi-omics combined sequencing technology, researchers will have a better understanding of the biological behaviors of neutrophils. This paper briefly reviews the biological behaviors of neutrophils and their roles in various diseases in recent years.