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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
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Examining interactions between negative emotionality and effortful control in predicting preadolescent adjustment

Max A Halvorson1, Kevin M King1, Liliana J Lengua1

  • 1University of Washington, Department of Psychology.

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
|February 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Childhood conduct problems are linked to frustration and executive control. Higher executive control reduced conduct issues in children with moderate to high frustration, but not those with low frustration.

Keywords:
Emotion RegulationExecutive ControlPreadolescenceexternalizing problemsinternalizing problemstemperament

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Negative emotionality and effortful control are key predictors of child adjustment.
  • Limited research exists on the interactive effects of these traits on adjustment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between negative emotionality and effortful control in predicting child adjustment.
  • Specifically examining anxiety, depression, and conduct problems in preadolescent children.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent and longitudinal (one-year follow-up) analyses were conducted on 214 children aged 8-12.
  • Temperament was assessed using behavioral tasks measuring fear, frustration, executive control, and delay ability.

Main Results:

  • An interaction between frustration and executive control predicted concurrent conduct problems.
  • Higher executive control was associated with fewer conduct problems in children with moderate to high frustration.
  • No significant interactions were found for anxiety, depression, or longitudinal conduct problems.

Conclusions:

  • Executive control is important for preadolescent adjustment, particularly in managing conduct problems.
  • Findings offer mixed support for the interaction of negative emotionality facets and executive control in influencing child adjustment.