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Social Emotional Learning Competencies in Belize Children: Psychometric Validation Through Exploratory Structural
Krystal M Hinerman1, Darrell M Hull2, Emma I Näslund-Hadley3
1College of Education, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, United States.
Frontiers in Psychology
|February 28, 2022
Summary
This study applied Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling to the Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale in Belize. Findings reveal significant gender differences in social-emotional development among youth, informing targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Education
- Sociology
Background:
- Belize faces significant economic disparities, leading to high rates of youth exposure to violence and unsafe environments.
- Poor Social-Emotional Character Development is particularly prevalent among boys in Belize City.
- Culturally relevant measures are needed to identify behavioral issues for policy interventions and program evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the structural validity and generalizability of the Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale in Belize.
- To apply Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) to existing measures.
- To identify gender differences in social-emotional development.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) on a large sample of 1,877 children (ages 10-13) from Belizean schools.
- Compared ESEM with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for bias reduction.
- Conducted multi-group ESEM to analyze gender differences.
Main Results:
- ESEM provided less biased estimates by reducing original factor correlations compared to CFA.
- Multi-group ESEM revealed significant differences in latent factor scores between males and females across most factors.
- The study reconceptualized original factors to better align with Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) competencies.
Conclusions:
- ESEM is a valuable tool for assessing the structural validity of social-emotional measures in diverse populations.
- Significant gender-based variations in social-emotional development necessitate gender-sensitive interventions.
- Findings contribute to a better understanding of SEL competencies and inform policy for youth in Belize.
Keywords:
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