Pitfalls and technical errors in the first approach to neonates with anorectal malformations in a non-specialist
Alessandro Calisti1, Faisal Abdelgalil Nugud2, Kibreab Belay3
1Pediatric Surgery - San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital - Rome - Italy.
Introduction:
In sub-Saharan Africa, Anorectal malformations (ARM) are the most frequent cause of neonatal obstruction. Referral to a Pediatric Surgeon is frequently delayed. The first treatment is often delivered at not specialist level and mismanagement may result.
Aim:
To study ARM patients referred beyond neonatal period and managed at a non-specialist level.
Materials And Methods:
One hundred and thirty patients were included (M/F ratio 63/67) among 144 admitted to three Eastern African Hospitals with Pediatric Surgical facilities. Demographics, type of anomaly, delay on referral, previous management, most commonly observed errors are reported.
Results:
The Mean age at referral was 23 months (range five weeks - 23 years). Colostomy was the most frequent surgery (92 cases). Stomas often did not follow the recommended criteria. Ten per cent were not on the sigmoid, and 35% were not divided. "Loop" or "double-barrel" colostomies did not exclude the distal loop. Inverted (10,5%), prolapsed stomas (7,5%), short distal loop (16%) were observed. Twenty-four cases (26%) needed redo. Primary perineal exploration in eight patients resulted in incontinence.
Conclusions:
Investments on training practitioners, acting at District/Rural level, and closer links with tertiary centres are recommended to avoid ARM mismanagement and delayed referral to a Specialist.
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