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Effect of COVID-19 on the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Procedures Mix at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Rafi Ullah1, Muhammad Khizar Hayat1, Rafat Shakil1

  • 1Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, PAK.

Cureus
|February 28, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced cardiothoracic and vascular surgeries, particularly Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and congenital heart surgeries. Despite the overall decline, CABG remained the most frequent procedure due to its urgent nature.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems globally.
  • Surgical procedure volumes, especially elective and semi-elective ones, were significantly impacted.
  • Understanding the specific effects on cardiothoracic and vascular surgery is crucial for resource allocation and patient care planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery procedures.
  • To compare surgical volumes across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods.
  • To identify specific procedures most affected by the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzing surgical data from August 2017 to August 2021.
  • Data from a tertiary care hospital's Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery department were reviewed.
  • Surgical cases were categorized into Pre-COVID, COVID, and Post-COVID groups, with monthly averages calculated.

Main Results:

  • A total of 3,624 procedures were performed between 2017-2021, with a male predominance (71.5%).
  • Surgical volumes decreased dramatically during the COVID-19 period (15.2% of total) compared to Pre-COVID (68.5%) and Post-COVID (16.3%).
  • Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) was the most common surgery (56.8%), remaining high during the pandemic (29/month), while congenital heart surgeries saw the largest drop (16 to 5/month).

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant reduction in cardiothoracic and vascular surgeries, with CABG and congenital heart surgeries being most affected.
  • CABG procedures maintained a higher volume due to their emergent nature.
  • A trend of increasing surgical procedures was observed in the post-pandemic period (2021).

Keywords:
cardiovascular systemcongenital heart surgeriescoronary artery bypasscovid-19vascular surgical procedures

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