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When Doctors and AI Interact: on Human Responsibility for Artificial Risks.

Mario Verdicchio^1,2, Andrea Perin³

¹Department of Management Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.

Philosophy & Technology

|February 28, 2022

Summary

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are not moral agents due to their lack of autonomy and sentience. Human responsibility in AI use, particularly in medicine, requires meaningful control and due diligence.

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence Due diligence Medicine Moral agency Principle of confidence Responsibility

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Area of Science:

Medical Ethics
Artificial Intelligence
Philosophy of Technology

Background:

The debate on artificial moral agents (AMAs) is ongoing.
AI systems currently lack human autonomy and sentience, key components of moral agency.
The integration of AI in medicine raises complex ethical questions regarding responsibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To argue that moral agency should be exclusively attributed to humans.
To analyze human responsibility concerning AI systems through meaningful control and due diligence.
To advocate against fully automated AI systems in medical applications.

Main Methods:

Philosophical analysis of moral agency, autonomy, and sentience.
Examination of human responsibility frameworks (meaningful control, due diligence).
Case study focus on AI-based diagnostic systems in medicine.

Main Results:

AI systems cannot be considered moral agents.
Human responsibility in AI-related adverse events is linked to meaningful control and due diligence.
Complex networks of human and non-human actors are involved in AI development and deployment.

Conclusions:

Moral agency is a uniquely human attribute.
Attributing responsibility for AI-induced errors requires relational judgment criteria focused on human oversight.
Careful consideration and regulation are needed for AI in medicine to ensure accountability.