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Interstitial lung disease after receiving the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine tozinameran

Naohiro Oda1, Reo Mitani1, Ichiro Takata1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan.

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
|February 28, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Tozinameran, an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, is safe and effective. A rare case of interstitial lung disease (ILD) after vaccination highlights the need for further research into vaccine adverse events.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines, including Tozinameran, are highly effective against COVID-19.
  • Common adverse reactions include local site pain, fever, headache, and rash.
  • Anaphylaxis is a rare but serious adverse event associated with mRNA vaccines.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 71-year-old Japanese woman who developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) post-mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
  • The patient's symptoms emerged after receiving the vaccine, prompting investigation into a potential causal link.
  • Review of existing literature identified other reported cases of ILD following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.

Findings:

  • The study highlights a potential association between mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and the development of interstitial lung disease (ILD).
  • Distinguishing vaccine-associated ILD from other causes of dyspnea or hypoxia within 1-3 days post-vaccination is crucial for timely diagnosis.
  • While rare, ILD represents a significant potential adverse reaction to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.

Implications:

  • Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms and identify risk factors for rare adverse events like vaccine-associated ILD.
  • Clinical vigilance is required to monitor for and manage potential pulmonary complications following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
  • These findings underscore the importance of continued pharmacovigilance for novel vaccine technologies.

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