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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
441

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals
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Ivermectin: a mini-review.

Kelly Johnson-Arbor1,2

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.

Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|February 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that can cause adverse events, including neurotoxicity. Due to safety concerns and lack of evidence, ivermectin is not recommended for treating or preventing COVID-19.

Keywords:
P-glycoproteinAvermectinCOVID-19ivermectinpoisoning

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Avermectins, derived from Streptomyces bacteria, are antiparasitic drugs.
  • Ivermectin, an avermectin derivative, treats parasitic infections in humans and animals.
  • Its mechanism involves ion channel receptor binding, causing parasitic paralysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety and efficacy of ivermectin.
  • To evaluate ivermectin's potential use against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ivermectin's mechanism of action.
  • Analysis of ivermectin's pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Ivermectin toxicity is rare in mammals due to P-glycoprotein.
  • Adverse effects include mild, transient edema, rash, headache, and ocular complaints.
  • In vitro antiviral effects of ivermectin require high concentrations, unlikely in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Ivermectin's potential for neurotoxicity and lack of supporting evidence preclude its use.
  • Ivermectin is not recommended for routine treatment or prevention of COVID-19.