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Epidemiology of gingivitis.

J W Stamm

    Journal of Clinical Periodontology
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Understanding gingivitis etiology has advanced through basic research, but epidemiological studies face challenges due to difficulties in measuring gingival inflammation reliably. Despite these issues, age-related trends show increasing gingivitis in youth, stabilizing in adulthood, and a general decline in prevalence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oral Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Periodontology

    Background:

    • Significant advancements in understanding gingivitis etiology stem from basic research in oral microbiology, immunology, histology, and pathology.
    • Progress in refining epidemiological relationships between gingivitis and host/environmental factors has been limited.
    • The primary challenge in epidemiological studies is the difficulty in reliably measuring gingival inflammation, leading to significant inter- and intra-study variations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of the epidemiology of gingivitis by focusing on apparent and robust epidemiological relationships.
    • To review host and environmental factors associated with gingivitis.
    • To characterize the prevalence and severity of gingivitis across different age groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature focusing on epidemiological relationships and host/environmental factors.
    • Analysis of age-specific prevalence and severity data for gingivitis.
    • Consideration of challenges in measurement and their impact on study variations.

    Main Results:

    • Marginal gingivitis typically begins in early childhood, increases through adolescence, and then stabilizes.
    • Estimates for adult gingivitis prevalence range from 50% to 100% in dentate subjects.
    • The prevalence of gingivitis in the elderly does not significantly differ from the general adult population.
    • When adjusted for cohort effects, gingival disease shows a declining trend.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite measurement challenges, distinct epidemiological patterns of gingivitis exist.
    • Age is a significant factor, with prevalence peaking in adolescence.
    • Longitudinal trends suggest a decline in gingival disease prevalence when cohort effects are considered.

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