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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice
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Regenerative Approaches for Chronic Wounds.

François Berthiaume1, Henry C Hsia2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
|February 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New strategies aim to improve chronic skin wound healing, focusing on regenerative approaches. These methods utilize biophysical and biochemical techniques, including stem cell therapies, to promote better skin regeneration and reduce scarring.

Keywords:
angiogenesismicroRNAsskinstem cellstissue engineeringwound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative medicine
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chronic skin wounds are prevalent in aging populations, often linked to diabetes or immobility.
  • Current treatments result in scar tissue with poor mechanical properties and lack of skin appendages.
  • Chronic wounds represent a significant healthcare burden, with increasing prevalence expected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel experimental strategies for enhancing skin regeneration in chronic wounds.
  • To investigate the potential of biophysical and biochemical methods in wound healing.
  • To assess the role of stem cells (endogenous or exogenous) in regenerating skin.

Main Methods:

  • Application of biophysical techniques to the local wound environment.
  • Utilization of biochemical methods to stimulate regenerative processes.
  • Exploration of stem cell therapies, including both host-derived and transplanted cells.

Main Results:

  • Experimental approaches focus on improving the local wound milieu for better healing.
  • Integration of biophysical and biochemical strategies shows promise for enhanced regeneration.
  • Stem cell therapies are being investigated for their potential to restore skin structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • Novel biophysical and biochemical strategies offer new avenues for chronic wound regeneration.
  • Harnessing stem cell potential is a key focus for improving skin healing outcomes.
  • Combined approaches addressing local, regional, and systemic factors are crucial for comprehensive wound management.